of Minneapolis was awarded a US patent for a product called the Jon-e (pronounced “Johnny”) catalytic hand warmer on December 25, 1951. Smith, President of Aladdin Laboratories, Inc. They date from the foundation of the Japanese Hakkin company by Niichi Matoba, who founded it to produce a hand warmer 'Hakkin Kairo' based on his Japanese patent of 1923.
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These hand warmers are for people who work or pursue leisure activities outdoors in very low temperatures, especially those that require manual dexterity that is not possible while wearing thick gloves or mittens. The replaceable catalyst unit last for many years provided they have combusted vapour from their cotton wadding filled fuel reservoir, and have not had fuel directly applied to them. Some older units used asbestos substrates. Low cost Chinese units may use other cheaper catalysts that don't work as well. Current units use a glass fiber substrate coated with platinum. This controls the oxygen supply to the catalyst and protects against skin burns. After lighting they operate inside a fabric bag typically with a drawstring. Lighter fuel Ĭigarette lighter fuel hand-warmers use lighter fluid (highly refined petroleum naphtha), in a catalyst combustion unit that runs at a lower temperature than an open flame with a greatly reduced fire risk. This process can be scaled up to create a means of domestic heating storage and can produce instant heat. Lighter fuel warmer (Hakukin brand, Peacock model) Salt is often added to catalyze the process. The oxygen molecules in the air react with iron, forming rust. They typically emit heat for 1 to 10 hours, it usually takes 15–30 minutes to start to heat up, although the heat given off rapidly diminishes after 1–2 hours. Types Air activated (iron) Īir-activated hand warmers contain cellulose, iron, activated carbon, vermiculite (which holds water) and salt and produce heat from the exothermic oxidation of iron when exposed to air. A version of these original portable hand warmers is still produced in Japan. In 1923, he manufactured a prototype of his device naming it HAKUKIN-kairo (HAKKIN warmer).
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He then devoted his time to researching how to make the product suitable for practical use. Matoba received a patent for applying the principle of an oxidation reaction that produces heat by means of platinum catalysis. The first commercially produced hand warmer was created by Japanese inventor Niichi Matoba.
Ellis of New Jersey in 1891, though no evidence exists that it was ever produced.
The hand and foot warmer was first patented by Jonathan T. 2.2 Supersaturated solution (crystallisation-type).
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