Contamination Factor (Cf)The aim of calculating contamination factor is to provide a measure of the degree of overall contamination in a sampled site. The background values were supported from the data given by Central pollution control board.The following heavy metal evaluation methods for the year 2004, 2011, 2012, 20, for the metals Copper, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel and Lead have been calculated and interpreted by the authors of this paper. al., 2015).In order to understand the magnitude of contamination different heavy metal indices were used. By using these methods, we can easily calculate the overall water quality of a particular area rapidly and efficiently because these methods present the single value by comparing different parameters (Singh et. Different contamination index methods has been developed all over the world for groundwater quality assessment such as heavy metal indexing approach (HMI), degree of contamination (Cd), contamination factor (Cf), Metal pollution index(MPI), Pollution index (PI) etc. Heavy Metal evaluation methodsContamination Index shows the combined effects of overall water quality parameters of an area. The samples were prepared in triplicates to obtain a constant result. Heavy metal analysisThe heavy metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (Thermo Elemental, AAS Solar Series) and Inductive coupled plasma –optical emission spectroscopy, model.
Once dissolved, it is filtered through Whatmann filter paper and the final volume is made to 100ml using distilled water. This residue was dissolved with nitric acid. Further, nitric acid was added until white residue was formed. 5ml aqua regia was added to appropriate amount of sample and was allowed to digest at around 750C. The digestion was carried out by standard methods (APHA, 2005 Trivedi R.K 1988). The analysis was carried out within 4 hours of water collection. The samples were brought to the laboratory immediately and kept at 40 C to maintain its condition very close to the time it was sampled. Water was collected in clean, autoclaved one litre plastic containers. Sampling and Laboratory methodsThe sampling was carried out during summers to maintain uniformity with the data that was available. These locations were kept as close as possible to the studies carried out previously by MPCB Report on Mithi River (2004) Water Pollution and Recommendations for its Control and (Singare et. Three locations downstream were narrowed down. 53’ N to 190 16’ N latitude and from 720 E to 72059’ longitude (Singare et. The area is located along western Arabian cost of India from 180. The water is visually clear and odourless at its mouth but slowly turns into a black, smelly stream struggling to make its way through the slums and industries to meet the bay. It meanders its way through down through the slowly growing shanties upstream to the thickly populated banks on the downstream. Materials and Methods The Mithi River begins from the overflow of Vihar and Powai lakes which lie in the pristine and protected areas of the city.
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